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The Book of the All-Virtuous Wisdom of Joshua ben Sira〔Or "…of Joshua son of Sirach", the literal translation of ''ben''.〕 , commonly called the Wisdom of Sirach or simply Sirach, and also known as the Book of Ecclesiasticus (abbreviated Ecclus.)〔MLA citation. Gigot, Francis. (''Ecclesiasticus.'' ) The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 25 Oct. 2013 ].〕 or Ben Sira, is a work of ethical teachings from approximately 200 to 175 BCE written by the Jewish scribe Shimon ben Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira of Jerusalem, on the inspiration of his father Joshua son of Sirach, sometimes called Jesus son of Sirach or Yeshua Ben Eliezer Ben Sira. In Egypt, it was translated into Greek by the author's (unnamed) grandson, who added a prologue. This prologue is generally considered the earliest witness to a canon of the books of the prophets, and thus the date of the text as we have it is the subject of intense scrutiny. The book itself is the largest wisdom book to have been preserved from antiquity. ==Canonical status== Sirach is accepted as part of the Christian biblical canons by Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and most of Oriental Orthodox. The Anglican Church do not accept Sirach as protocanonical, and say it should be read only "for example of life and instruction of manners; but yet doth not apply them to establish any doctrine."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.churchsociety.org/issues_new/doctrine/39a/iss_doctrine_39A_Arts06-08.asp )〕 Similarly, the Lutheran Churches include it in their lectionaries, and as a book proper for reading, devotion, and prayer. Its influence on early Christianity is evident, as it was explicitly cited in the Epistle of James, the Didache (iv. 5), and the Epistle of Barnabas (xix. 9). Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote from it repeatedly, as from a γραφή, or holy book.〔 The Catalogue of Cheltenham, Pope Damasus I, the Councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397), Pope Innocent I, the second Council of Carthage (419), and Augustine all regarded it as canonical, although the Council of Laodicea, of Jerome, and of Rufinus of Aquileia, ranked it instead as an ecclesiastical book.〔 It was finally definitively declared canonical in 1546 during the fourth session of the Council of Trent.〔 Sirach is not part of the Jewish canon, once thought to have been established at the hypothetical Council of Jamnia, perhaps due to its late authorship,〔Manhardt,Laurie, Ph.D., ''Come and See Wisdom: Wisdom of the Bible'', p. 173'' ''(Emmaus Road Publishing 2009), ISBN 978-1-931018-55-5.〕 although it is not clear that the canon was completely "closed" at the time of Ben Sira.〔Ska, Jean Louis, '' The Exegesis of the Pentateuch: Exegetical Studies and Basic Questions'', pp. 184–195 (Mohr Siebeck Tubingen 2009), ISBN 978-3-16-149905-0.〕 Others have suggested that Ben Sira's self-identification as the author precluded it from attaining canonical status, which was reserved for works that were attributed (or could be attributed) to the prophets,〔Mulder, Otto , ''Simon the High Priest in Sirach 50'', p. 3 fn.8 (Koninkliijke Brill nv 2003), ISBN 978-90-04-12316-8 ("The highly esteemed book of Ben Sira is not sacred Scripture () 'the author was known to have lived in comparatively recent times, in an age when, with the death of the last prophets, the holy spirit had departed from Israel.").〕 or that it was denied entry to the canon as a rabbinical counter-reaction to its embrace by the nascent Christian community.〔Sulmasy, Daniel P., M.D. ''The Rebirth of the Clinic: An Introduction to Spirituality in Health Care'', p. 45 (Georgetown Univ. Press 2006), ISBN 978-1-58901-095-6.〕 However, some Jews in the diaspora considered Sirach scripture. For instance, it was included in the canon of the Septuagint, the 2nd century BCE Greek version of the Jewish scriptures used by Diaspora Jews, through which it became part of the Greek canon. The multiplicity of manuscript fragments uncovered in the Cairo Genizah evidence its authoritative status among Egyptian Jewry until the Middle Ages. Because it was excluded from the Jewish canon, Sirach was excised from the Protestant canon following the Reformation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sirach」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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